HEAT VS TEMPERATURE

Heat is a form of energy. It is the Transfer of thermal energy from place to another place.it is measured in joules, kilojoules ,mega joules, calories, kilocalories etc it can be measured with the help of an instrument which is called calorimeter.according to law of conservation of energy ,energy  is neither created nor destroyed but it can be transformed from one place to another.there are different modes of transfer of heat from one place to another such as conduction, convection and radiation. All these modes have  own properties.conduction is happened only in solids and it is the transfer of molecules from one hotter region to cooler region as molecules gain kinetic energy and it happens in thermal conductor.the rate of conduction is quicker in copper than iron and has useful and harmful effect on our daily life. The handle of utensils are made up of plastics because they are bad conductor of electricity and heat.radiation is fastest mode of  transfer of heat from one place to another without any physical medium. It happens due to electromagnetic waves.convection normally happens in the case of gases with the help of convection current as warm air get rises due to decrease in density the cool air takes the place of warm air due to increase in density.it also has some useful and harmful effects on our daily life eg sea breeze and land breeze, heater, ventilators etc whereas Temperature is the degree of hotness and coldness of an object is called temperature. It is measured in celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. The instrument used for the measurement of temperature is thermometer which is of different kind such as liquid in glass thermometer,mercury thermometer and alcohol thermometer. The clinical thermometer is used at home for the measurement of body temperature the normal body temperature is 98 degree celsius and 32 degree Fahrenheit. If scale is divided into 100 equal parts such scale is called celsius whereas 212 equal parts are called Fahrenheit.one kelvin is 273 degree celsius.

TYPES OF ERRORS

Random errors:

Such type of errors are caused by the increase or decrease in temperature,humidity,pressure etc

And may cause of wrong observations.such type of errors may reduce due to availability of proper lab where external temperature or pressure are kept constant yet such errors never be removed forever.

Systematic errors:

Such errors are caused of inappropriate instruments in which zero error is present i.e positive zero error and negative zero error that effect on the  reading however such errors may be removed by adding or subtracting errors in the final reading. If the zero of the main scale of vernier calliper does not match with the zero of the vernier scale then there is zero error in the instrument.if it is ahead of it then positive zero error in other case negative zero error in it.

Personal errors: 

Such errors are caused by human negligence and through repetitive observation of the different readings several times over the same instrument.this error is also called human error in which chances of errors are expected due to inefficiency of human skills. Such errors are removed entirely through proper intension towards observations. Deliberate act of taking accurate reading may eliminate chances of such type of errors.